A new theory suggests that successful long-term human habitation in deep space requires a self-restoring, Earth-like ecosystem to sustain technology, infrastructure, and society. Crucial elements include replicating Earth’s 1G of gravity and maintaining a dependable oxygen supply, water availability, waste management, and a functioning agriculture system, all of which necessitate substantial energy likely greater than our current capabilities.
Is it possible for humans to survive long-term in deep space?
I think all attempts to design a closed ecological system (on or off Earth) are likely to fail due to Gall’s Law.
Instead, I think space habitats are going to gradually increase in autonomy from Earth over many iterations.