Research Identifies Factors That Make Correcting Misinformation About Science More Successful | The Annenberg Public Policy Center of the University of Pennsylvania
www.annenbergpublicpolicycenter.org
On average, correcting misinformation in science did not succeed but a meta-analysis identifies factors that make them more successful.

tl;dr:

Although on average the corrections failed to accomplish their objectives, they worked better when the issue in the correction was emotionally more positive than the misinformation, the correction matched the ideology of the recipients, the issue was not politically polarized, and the correction provided abundant details as to why the earlier claims were false.